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Now that we know their is high levels of harmfull pollution all over the world. What will it take to make our planet safe?
We urgently need to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions and bring the planet’s climate back to a normal pattern..
We have all heard the claim that green house gases is partly generated by human activity, such as driving automobiles which in turn causes global warming. Why argue against this claim? Activists have lobbied congress to regulate the automobile industry to create more efficient cars. Is this a wise approach? Is it the best approach? A little simple mathematical thinking can take us a long way in evaluating this problem.
It doesn't take much to see that for every person driving, there is more fuel being consumed and more gases being emitted. So for everyone who needs to drive, or chooses to drive, more greenhouse gases will be produced.
The obvious implication is that an increasing population results in increasing greenhouse gas production. Similarly, increased dependency on technology results in increased greenhouse gases, even while engines become more efficient. If the number of drivers doubles, the fuel efficiency must also double, just to keep the emissions at the same level.
Conclusions: The rising population and dependency on technology are major factors in greenhouse gases.
Greenhouse gas concentrations are already close to dangerous levels for further warming and climate chaos in all parts of the world.
Mother nature is telling us to stop destroying the planet and start changing our habits. I hope this site makes you realize that we can help prevent further damage by at least considering Electric On Wheels or a hybrid vehicle.
A brief history of the electric car.
The electric car was among some of the earliest automobiles. Small electric vehicles predate the Otto cycle upon which Diesel (diesel engine) and Benz (gasoline engine) based the automobile. Between 1832 and 1839 (the exact year is uncertain), Scottish businessman Robert Anderson invented the first crude electric carriage. Professor Sibrandus Stratingh of Groningen, the Netherlands, designed the small-scale electric car, built by his assistant Christopher Becker in 1835.
The improvement of the storage battery, by Frenchmen Gaston Plante in 1865 and Camille Faure in 1881, paved the way for electric vehicles to flourish. An electric-powered two-wheel cycle was demonstrated at the World Exhibition 1867 in Paris by the Austrian inventor Franz Kravogl. France and Great Britain were the first nations to support the widespread development of electric vehicles. In November 1881 French inventor Gustave Trouvé demonstrated a working three-wheeled automobile at the International Exhibition of Electricity in Paris.
Just prior to 1900, before the pre-eminence of powerful but polluting internal combustion engines, electric automobiles held many speed and distance records. Among the most notable of these records was the breaking of the 100 km/h (60 mph) speed barrier, by Camille Jenatzy on April 29, 1899 in his 'rocket-shaped' vehicle Jamais Contente, which reached a top speed of 105.88 km/h (65.79 mph).
Electric cars, produced in the USA by Anthony Electric, Baker, Detroit, Edison, Studebaker, and others during the early 20th century for a time out-sold gasoline-powered vehicles. Due to technological limitations and the lack of transistor-based electric technology, the top speed of these early electric vehicles was limited to about 32 km/h (20 mph). These vehicles were successfully sold as town cars to upper-class customers and were often marketed as suitable vehicles for women drivers due to their clean, quiet and easy operation. Electrics did not require hand-cranking to start.
The introduction of the electric starter by Cadillac in 1913 simplified the task of starting the internal combustion engine, formerly difficult and sometimes dangerous. This innovation contributed to the downfall of the electric vehicle, as did the mass-produced and relatively inexpensive Ford Model T, which had been produced since 1908. Internal-combustion vehicles advanced technologically, ultimately becoming more practical than — and out-performing — their electric-powered competitors.
Another blow to electric cars in the USA was the loss of Edison's direct current (DC) electric power transmission system in the War of Currents. This deprived BEV users of a convenient source of DC electricity to recharge their batteries.[dubious – discuss] As the technology of rectifiers was still in its infancy, changing alternating current to DC required a costly rotary converter.
Electric vehicles became popular for some limited range applications. Forklifts were EVs when they were introduced in 1923 by Yale; many battery electric fork lifts are still produced. Electric golf carts have been available for many years, including early models by Lektra in 1954. Their popularity led to their use as neighborhood electric vehicles; larger versions are becoming popular and increasingly ruled "street legal".
By the late 1930s, the electric automobile industry had completely disappeared, with battery-electric traction being limited to niche applications, such as certain industrial vehicles. A thorough examination into the social and technological reasons for the failure of electric cars is to be found in Taking Charge: The Electric Automobile in America by Michael Brian Schiffer.
The 1947 invention of the point-contact transistor marked the beginning of a new era for EV technology. Within a decade, Henney Coachworks had joined forces with National Union Electric Company, the makers of Exide batteries, to produce the first modern electric car based on transistor technology, the Henney Kilowatt, produced in 36-volt and 72-volt configurations. The 72-volt models had a top speed approaching 96 km/h (60 mph) and could travel nearly an hour on a single charge. Despite the improved practicality of the Henney Kilowatt over previous electric cars, it was too expensive, and production was terminated in 1961. Even though the Henney Kilowatt never reached mass production volume, their transistor-based electric technology paved the way for modern EVs.
Battery powered electric concept cars continued to appear, such as the General Motors "Electrovair" (1966) and "Electrovette" (1976). At the 1990 Los Angeles Auto Show, GM President Roger Smith unveiled the "Impact" electric car, the precursor to the EV1, promising that GM would build electric cars for the public. Nine months later, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) mandated electric car sales by major automakers. In response, makers developed EVs including the Chrysler TEVan, Ford Ranger EV pickup truck, GM EV1 and S10 EV pickup, Honda EV Plus sedan, Nissan lithium-battery Altra EV miniwagon and Toyota RAV4 EV. Automakers refused to properly promote or sell their EVs, allowed consumers to drive them only by closed-end lease and, along with oil groups, fought the mandate.
Chrysler, GM and some GM dealers sued in Federal court; California soon neutered its ZEV Mandate. After public protests by EV drivers' groups upset by the repossession of their EVs, Toyota offered the last 328 RAV4-EVs for sale to the general public during six months (ending on November 22, 2002). All other electric cars, with minor exceptions, were withdrawn from the market and destroyed by their manufacturers. To its credit, Toyota not only supports the 328 Toyota RAV4-EV in the hands of the general public, still all running at this date, but also supports hundreds in fleet usage. From time to time, Toyota RAV4-EVs come up for sale on the used market and command prices sometimes over 60 thousand dollars. These are highly prized by solar homeowners, who charge their cars from their solar electric rooftop systems.
| Timeline of the Electric Car |
1834 Thomas Davenport
1838 Robert Davidson
1851 Charles B. Page
1852-1966 Studebaker
1874 Sir David Salomons
1881-1906 Jeantaud
1888 Fred Kimball
1890 William Morrison
1894-1897 Moritz Immisch
1895 Volk
1895-1897 Morris & Salom
1895-1899 Bersey
1895-1899 Canadian Motor Syndicate
1896 to present Oldsmobile
1896-1902 Riker
1896-1906 Lohner (Porsche)
1897 Neale
1897 - 1898 Elieson
1897-1898 Barrows
1897-1900 E.M.P.
1897-1900 Headland
1897-1902 Lux
1897-1909 Krieger
1898 Eaton
1898 - 1903 Eisenach
1898-1900 Madelvic
1898-1900 Patin
1898-1902 G.E.C.
1898-1902 Kuhlstein
1898-1903 Jenatzy
1898-1907 Opperman
1899 - 1900 Elecctra
1899 - 1900 Elgin
1899 - 1901 Dore
1899-1900 Helvetia
1899-1900 Hub
1899-1900 Kliemt
1899-1900 Schuckert
1899-1901 Averly
1899-1901 Kruse
1899-1901 New England
1899-1901 Scott
1899-1901 U.S. Electric
1899-1902 American Electric
1899-1902 Joel
1899-1902 Munson
1899-1902 Eastman
1899-1903 Maxwerke
1899-1905 Hautier
1899-1906 B.G.S.
1899-1906 Creanche
1899-1906 Henschel
1899-1910 Scheele
1899-1919 Woods
1900 Pfluger
1900 - 1909 Electromotion
1900-1901 Hart
1900-1901 Remington
1900-1901 Strong & Rodgers
1900-1902 California
1900-1902 Solignac
1900-1906 Cardinet
1900-1924 National
1901 Gramme
1901-1902 Bachelle
1901-1902 Thompson
1901-1903 AJAX
1901-1903 Crowdus
1901-1903 Demissine
1901-1904 General Electric
1901-1905 City & Suburban
1901-1906 Buffalo Automobile Company
1901-1912 Phipps-Grinnell
1901-1920 Electromobile
1902 Lefert
1902-1903 Accumulator Industries
1902-1905 Champrobert
1902-1906 Chenhall
1902-1920 Tribelhorn
1902-1934 N.A.G.
1903-1904 Pritchett & Gold
1903-1904 Starr
1903-1905 Ivanhoe
1903-1905 V.E.
1903-1906 Ausonia
1903-1907 Pope-Waverly
1903-1908 Hagen
1903-1908 Regina
1903-1916 Borland
1904 Berwick Auto Car Company
1904 Dinin
1904 Galileo
1904-1906 C.I.E.M.
1904-1908 Synnestvedt
1904-1910 Vedrine
1904-1917 Fritchie
1905 Banker Juvenile Electric
1905 Dora
1905 Provincial
1905-1906 Alexandra
1905-1906 Parsons
1905-1906 Zeddeco
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1905-1910 Silverton
1905-1928 Rauch & Lang
1906 Dynamobile
1906 Hercules
1906-1908 Cloumobil
1906-1908 Lansden
1906-1910 Siemens-Schuckert
1906-1912 Auto-Mixte
1906-1912 Babcock Electric Carriage Co
1906-1913 Stella
1907 American Juvenile Electric
1907-1909 G.E.M.
1907-1913 B.E.F.
1907-1915 Bailey
1907-1938 Detroit Electric
1908 V.A.T.E.
1908-1909 Byrider
1908-1914 Waverly
1909-1914 Ideal
1909-1916 Broc
1909-1918 Thrige
1910-1912 Kimball
1910-1913 Grinnell
1910-1918 Ohio
1910-1923 Geha
1911-1919 Hupp-Yeats
1911-1935 Galt
1912-1913 Church-Field
1912-1913 Fischer
1912-1914 Argo
1912-1915 Flanders
1913-1914 Tiffany
1913-1956 David
1914 GMUR
1914-1918 Columbia
1914-1922 Owen Magnetic
1914-1922 Milburn
1915 Menominee
1915 Storms
1915-1916 Chicago Electric
1915-1917 Beardsley Electric Co
1916 Belmont Electric Auto Company
1920 A.A.A.
1920 - 1924 Electricar
1920 - 1928 Elite-Diamant
1920-1924 S.B.
1921 Automatic
1921 Via
1921-1922 Kaha
1921-1925 Stigler
1922 Chelsea
1922 Omnobil
1922-1924 Alfi
1922-1924 Elektric
1922-1925 Voltor
1924 - 1929 ? D.E.W.
1924-1928 Red Bug
1926-1927 A.E.M.
1928 Parville
1935-1936 Wilson
1936-1939 Bleichert
1937 Auto-Lux
1940-1941 Chapeaux
1941 Revelli
1941 S.A.T.A.M.
1941 - 1943 Electrolette
1941 - 1947 Faure
1941-1942 LeDauphin
1941-1944 Stela
1941-1944 Story
1941-1946 C.G.E.
1942 Internationale
1943 A.F.A.
1943 - 1946 Electro-Renard
1944-1946 C.M.V.
1945 - 1946 Electrociclo
1947-1951 Tama
1948-1949 Paris-Rhone
1950-1960 Fuldamobil
1952 Prince
1952-1957 B.M.A. Hazelcar
1955 Electronic La Saetta
1957 Arbel
1959-1960 Nu-Klea Starlite
1961 - 1976? Electra King
1962-1966 Peel
1964 - 1966 ? Electric Shopper
1965 Marketour
1965 Mobilette
1965 - 1969 ? Electro Master
1969 Enfield
1969 - 1976 (?) EFP - Electric Fuel Propulsion
1970 Autoette
1972 - 1976 Electrosport
1974-1976 Vangaurd CitCar
1977 Braun Elec
1977 - 1979 EVA - Electric Vehicle Associates
1978 EAC
1978 Sears, Roebuck and Company
1978 - 1979 Transformer 1
1978-1987 Comuta-Car and Comuta-Van
1980 Electro-Sport
1985-Present Didik |
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